CHANTELOUP L., JOLIET F. (2015).
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ANTOMARCHI V., JOLIET F. (2015).
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. (2015). Antarctic Science, .
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. (2015). The ancient Yakuts: a population genetic enigma.
. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences, 370(1660), 20130385.
Abstract: This study is part of an ongoing project aiming at determining the ethnogenesis of an eastern Siberian ethnic group, the Yakuts, on the basis of archaeological excavations carried out over a period of 10 years in three regions of Yakutia: Central Yakutia, the Vilyuy River basin and the Verkhoyansk area. In this study, genetic analyses were carried out on skeletal remains from 130 individuals of unknown ancestry dated mainly from the fifteenth to the nineteenth century AD. Kinship studies were conducted using sets of commercially available autosomal and Y-chromosomal short tandem repeats (STRs) along with hypervariable region I sequences of the mitochondrial DNA. An unexpected and intriguing finding of this work was that the uniparental marker systems did not always corroborate results from autosomal DNA analyses; in some cases, false-positive relationships were observed. These discrepancies revealed that 15 autosomal STR loci are not sufficient to discriminate between first degree relatives and more distantly related individuals in our ancient Yakut sample. The Y-STR analyses led to similar conclusions, because the current Y-STR panels provided the limited resolution of the paternal lineages.
Keywords: Base Sequence, Bone and Bones, Bone and Bones: chemistry, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Chromosomes, Human, Y: genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial, DNA, Mitochondrial: genetics, DNA, Mitochondrial: history, Ethnic Groups, Ethnic Groups: genetics, Ethnic Groups: history, Fossils, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Haplotypes: genetics, History, 15th Century, History, 16th Century, History, 17th Century, History, 18th Century, History, 19th Century, Humans, Likelihood Functions, Male, Microsatellite Repeats, Microsatellite Repeats: genetics, Molecular Sequence Data, Pedigree, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide: genetics, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Siberia,
Programme: 1038
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Merkling T, Welcker J, Hewison A J M, Hatch S A, Kitaysky A S, Speakman J R, Danchin E, Blanchard P, . (2015). Identifying the selective pressures underlying offspring sex-ratio adjustments: a case study in a wild seabird
. Behavioral Ecology, 26(3), 916–925.
Abstract: Sex allocation theory predicts that parents should bias offspring sex according to the costs and benefits associated with producing either sex in a given context. Accurately interpreting sex-ratio biases, therefore, requires a precise identification of these selective pressures. However, such information is generally lacking. This may partly explain the inconsistency in reported sex allocation patterns, especially in vertebrates. We present data from a long-term feeding experiment in black-legged kittiwakes (Rissa tridactyla) that allowed us to increase investment capacity for some breeding pairs. Previous findings showed that these pairs then overproduced sons compared with control parents. Here, our aim was to test the underlying assumptions of the 2 appropriate sex allocation models for our context: the “cost of reproduction hypothesis” and the “Trivers-Willard hypothesis.” The former assumes a sex difference in rearing costs, whereas the latter assumes a difference in fitness returns. 1) Independent of feeding treatment, rearing sons was energetically more demanding for parents (as revealed by higher energy expenditure and higher baseline corticosterone levels) than rearing daughters, thereby corroborating the underlying assumption of the “cost of reproduction hypothesis.” 2) Evidence supporting the assumptions of the “Trivers-Willard hypothesis” was less convincing. Overall, our results suggest that drivers of parental sex allocation decisions are probably more related to offspring sex-specific energetic costs than to their future reproductive success in our study species. Assessing the adaptive value of sex-ratio biases requires precise investigation of the assumptions underlying theoretical models, particularly as long as the mechanisms involved in sex-ratio manipulation remain largely unknown.
Programme: 1162
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. (2015). Carotenoids increase immunity and sex specifically affect color and redox homeostasis in a monochromatic seabird
. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 69(7), 1097–1111.
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. (2015). The auroral red line polarisation: modelling and measurements
. Journal of Space Weather and Space Climate, 5, A26.
Abstract: In this work, we model the polarisation of the auroral red line using the electron impact theory developed by Bommier et al (2011). This theory enables the computation of the distribution of the Degree of Linear Polarisation (DoLP) as function of height if the flux of precipitated electrons is provided as input.\\
An electron transport code is used to infer the stationary electron flux at each altitude in the ionosphere as a function of energy and pitch angle. Using adequate cross sections, the integral of this electron flux over energy and pitch angle provides an anisotropy parameter from which the theoretical local DoLP can be computed at each altitude. The modelled DoLP is then derived by integrating along the line-of-sight.\\
Depending on the integration length, the modelled DoLP ranges between 0.6\% for a very long integration length, and 1.8\% for a very short integration length localized around an altitude of 210 km. A parametric study is performed to check how the characteristics of the local DoLP (maximum value, altitude of the maximum, integrated height profile) vary. It is found that the polarisation is highly sensitive to the scattering function of the electrons, to the electron precipitation and the geomagnetic activity.\\
We compare these values to measured ones obtained during an observational campaign performed in February 2012 from Svalbard. The measured DoLP during the campaign was 1.9\% $\pm$ 0.1\%. The comparison between this value and the theoretical one is discussed . Discrepancies may be due to the poor constraint of the input parameters (thermosphere and ionosphere), to the fact that only electron precipitation is considered in this approach (and not proton precipitation for instance), and to the difficulty in constraining the exact width of the emission layer in the thermosphere.
Programme: 1026
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. (2015). Mates but not sexes differ in migratory niche in a monogamous penguin species
. Biology Letters, 11(9), 20150429.
Abstract: Strong pair bonds generally increase fitness in monogamous organisms, but may also underlie the risk of hampering it when re-pairing fails after the winter season. We investigated whether partners would either maintain contact or offset this risk by exploiting sex-specific favourable niches during winter in a migratory monogamous seabird, the southern rockhopper penguin Eudyptes chrysocome. Using light-based geolocation, we show that although the spatial distribution of both sexes largely overlapped, pair-wise mates were located on average 595 {+/-} 260 km (and up to 2500 km) apart during winter. Stable isotope data also indicated a marked overlap between sex-specific isotopic niches ({delta}13C and{delta} 15N values) but a segregation of the feeding habitats ({delta}13C values) within pairs. Importantly, the tracked females remained longer (12 days) at sea than males, but all re-mated with their previous partners after winter. Our study provides multiple evidence that migratory species may well demonstrate pair-wise segregation even in the absence of sex-specific winter niches (spatial and isotopic). We suggest that dispersive migration patterns with sex-biased timings may be a sufficient proximal cause for generating such a situation in migratory animals.
Programme: 394
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Fouchet D, Santin-Janin H, Sauvage F, Yoccoz N G, Pontier D, . (2015). An R package for analyzing survival using continuous-time open capture-recapture models
. Methods in Ecology and Evolution, .
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Nesterova Anna P, Flack Andrea, van Loon E Emiel, Bonadonna Francesco, Biro Dora, . (2015). The effect of experienced individuals on navigation by king penguin chick pairs
. Animal Behaviour, 104, 69–78.
Keywords: Aptenodytes patagonicus, decision making, experience, group behaviour, group navigation, king penguin,
Programme: 354
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