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Gonzalez-Wevar C., Díaz A., Hüne M., Rosenfeld S., Spencer H., Saucède T., Mansilla A. & E. Poulin. (2015). Biogeographical patterns in southern ocean Gastropods with contrasting developmental modes. ISAES XII – 12th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, 13-17 July 2015, Goa, India.
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González-Wevar C., Hüne M., Segovia N., Rosenfeld S., Díaz A., Mansilla A. & E. Poulin. (2015). Patrones biogeográficos en moluscos gasterópodos del Océano Austral con modos de desarrollo contrastantes. IX Jornadas Nacionales de Ciencias del Mar, 20-25 Septiembre 2015, Ushuaia, Argentina.
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González-Wevar C., Hüne M., Segovia N. & E. Poulin. (2015). Biogeografía histórica y reciente en el género Nacella a lo largo de su distribución en el Océano Austral. IX Jornadas Nacionales de Ciencias del Mar, 20-25 Septiembre 2015, Ushuaia, Argentina.
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Poulin E. (2015). Diversificación de la fauna marina bentónica en el Océano Austral: una perspectiva filogeográfica y filogenética. IX Jornadas Nacionales de Ciencias del Mar, 20-25 Septiembre 2015, Ushuaia, Argentina.
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Thomas Saucède, Angie Díaz, Benjamin Pierrat, Javier Sellanes, Bruno David, Jean-Pierre Féral & Elie Poulin. (2015). The phylogenetic position and taxonomic status of Sterechinus bernasconiae Larrain, 1975 (Echinodermata, Echinoidea), an enigmatic Chilean sea urchin. . Polar Biol., 38(8), 1223–1237.
Abstract: Sterechinus is a very common echinoid genus in benthic communities of the Southern Ocean. It is widely distributed across the Antarctic and South Atlantic Oceans and has been the most frequently collected and intensively studied Antarctic echinoid. Despite the abundant literature devoted to Sterechinus, few studies have questioned the systematics of the genus. Sterechinus bernasconiae is the only species of Sterechinus reported from the Pacific Ocean and is only known from the few specimens of the original material. Based on new material collected during the oceanographic cruise INSPIRE on board the R/V Melville, the taxonomy and phylogenetic position of the species are revised. Molecular and morphological analyses show that S. bernasconiae is a subjective junior synonym of Gracilechinus multidentatus (Clark). Results also show the existence of two genetically distinct subclades within the so-called Sterechinus clade: a Sterechinus neumayeri subclade and a subclade composed of other Sterechinus species. The three nominal species Sterechinus antarcticus, Sterechinus diadema, and Sterechinus agassizi cluster together and cannot be distinguished. The species Sterechinus dentifer is weakly differentiated from these three nominal species. The elucidation of phylogenetic relationships between G. multidentatus and species of Sterechinus also allows for clarification of respective biogeographic distributions and emphasizes the putative role played by biotic exclusion in the spatial distribution of species.
Programme: 1044
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Solomina Olga N, Bradley Raymond S, Hodgson Dominic A, Ivy-Ochs Susan, Jomelli Vincent, Mackintosh Andrew N, Nesje Atle, Owen Lewis A, Wanner Heinz, Wiles Gregory C, Young Nicolas E, . (2015). Holocene glacier fluctuations. 0277-3791, 111(3), 9–34.
Abstract: A global overview of glacier advances and retreats (grouped by regions and by millennia) for the Holocene is compiled from previous studies. The reconstructions of glacier fluctuations are based on 1) mapping and dating moraines defined by 14C, TCN, OSL, lichenometry and tree rings (discontinuous records/time series), and 2) sediments from proglacial lakes and speleothems (continuous records/time series). Using 189 continuous and discontinuous time series, the long-term trends and centennial fluctuations of glaciers were compared to trends in the recession of Northern and mountain tree lines, and with orbital, solar and volcanic studies to examine the likely forcing factors that drove the changes recorded. A general trend of increasing glacier size from the early–mid Holocene, to the late Holocene in the extra-tropical areas of the Northern Hemisphere (NH) is related to overall summer temperature, forced by orbitally-controlled insolation. The glaciers in New Zealand and in the tropical Andes also appear to follow the orbital trend, i.e., they were decreasing from the early Holocene to the present. In contrast, glacier fluctuations in some monsoonal areas of Asia and southern South America generally did not follow the orbital trends, but fluctuated at a higher frequency possibly triggered by distinct teleconnections patterns. During the Neoglacial, advances clustered at 4.4–4.2 ka, 3.8–3.4 ka, 3.3–2.8 ka, 2.6 ka, 2.3–2.1 ka, 1.5–1.4 ka, 1.2–1.0 ka, 0.7–0.5 ka, corresponding to general cooling periods in the North Atlantic. Some of these episodes coincide with multidecadal periods of low solar activity, but it is unclear what mechanism might link small changes in irradiance to widespread glacier fluctuations. Explosive volcanism may have played a role in some periods of glacier advances, such as around 1.7–1.6 ka (coinciding with the Taupo volcanic eruption at 232 ± 5 CE) but the record of explosive volcanism is poorly known through the Holocene. The compilation of ages suggests that there is no single mechanism driving glacier fluctuations on a global scale. Multidecadal variations of solar and volcanic activity supported by positive feedbacks in the climate system may have played a critical role in Holocene glaciation, but further research on such linkages is needed. The rate and the global character of glacier retreat in the 20th through early 21st centuries appears unusual in the context of Holocene glaciation, though the retreating glaciers in most parts of the Northern Hemisphere are still larger today than they were in the early and/or mid-Holocene. The current retreat, however, is occurring during an interval of orbital forcing that is favorable for glacier growth and is therefore caused by a combination of factors other than orbital forcing, primarily strong anthropogenic effects. Glacier retreat will continue into future decades due to the delayed response of glaciers to climate change.
Keywords: Holocene, Glacier variations, Global warming, Neoglacial, Holocene thermal maximum, Orbital forcings, Solar activity, Volcanic forcings, Modern glacier retreat,
Programme: 1048
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Bazin A. (2015). Contrôle des biotopes sur l’écologie des oursins des Iles Kerguelen. Analyse d’habitats contrastés à l’aide de traceurs isotopiques (13C et 15N) et de marqueurs géochimiques..
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Poulin E., Hüne M., Naretto J., Feral J.-P., & C.A. González-Wevar. (2015). Recent Diversification of Harpagifer in the Southern Ocean. ISAES XII – 12th International Symposium on Antarctic Earth Sciences, 13-17 July 2015, Goa, India..
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T. Saucede, N. Ameziane, J.-P. Feral, A. Bazin, A. Chenuil, B. David, C. De Ridder, C. Gonzalez-Wevar, J. Leveque, C. Marschal, O. Mathieu, L. Michel, S. Motreuil, E. Poulin. (2015). Proteker : mise en place d'un observatoire sous-marin côtier aux Iles Kerguelen. 3ème Colloque Biennal des Zones Ateliers, 14-16 octobre, Paris.
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S. Tartu, F. Angelier, A. Lendvai, J.O. Bustnes, G.W. Gabrielsen, B. Moe, C. Bech, D. Herzke, P. Bustamante, P. Blévin, H. Budzinski, P. Labadie, O. Chastel. (2015). Relationships between contaminants and hormones involved in breeding decisions. 2nd World seabird conference, Cape Town, South-Africa (26-30 October).
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