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France Caza, Stéphane Betoulle, Michel Auffret, Pauline Brousseau, Michel Fournier, Yves St-Pierre |
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Title |
Comparative analysis of hemocyte properties from Mytilus edulis desolationis and Aulacomya ater in the Kerguelen Islands. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Marine Environmental Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mar. Environ. Res. |
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Volume |
110 |
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174-182 |
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Abstract |
The capability of bivalve molluscs to respond to environmental stresses largely depends upon their cellular immunity. Accordingly, shift in habitat conditions following thermal stress or exposure to pollutants may harm sensitive species differently, thereby modulating the biodiversity of a given ecosystem by favoring stress-tolerant species. Here, we have compared the sensitivity of hemocytes from Mytilus edulis desolationis (M. edulis desolationis) and Aulacomya ater (A. ater) to acute thermal stress and exposure to cadmium. The two subantarctic species are commonly found in the same habitat in the isolated Kerguelen archipelago. Our results showed that the phagocytic activity and viability of hemocytes from both species were equally sensitive to increasing concentrations of cadmium. However, although in vitro exposure to cadmium induced apoptosis in hemocytes of M. edulis desolationis and A. ater, flow cytometric analyses showed that the apoptotic profile of both species differed greatly when using Annexin V and YO-PRO-1 as apoptotic markers. We also found that the total hemocyte counts decreased strongly in A. ater but not in M. edulis desolationis following an acute thermal stress. Taken together, these results showed that stress responses differed significantly in hemocytes from both species. This suggests that the co-existence of both species may be at risk following exposure to pollutants and/or changes in temperature. |
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0141-1136 |
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yes |
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6358 |
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Ali Jaffal, Stéphane Betoulle, Sylvie Biagianti-Risbourg, Alexandre Terreau, Wilfried Sanchez, Séverine Paris-Palacios |
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Title |
Heavy metal contamination and hepatic toxicological responses in brown trout (Salmo trutta) from the Kerguelen Islands. |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Polar Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
0800-0395 |
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34 |
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biomarkers Brown trout fish freshwater liver sub-Antarctic |
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The Kerguelen Islands include various species of freshwater fish such as brown trout (Salmo trutta). These trout are among the most isolated from direct anthropogenic impact worldwide. This study was designed to analyse cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu) concentrations in the liver of Kerguelen brown trout, and to assess the possible impacts of these metals on hepatic histopathology and oxidative stress parameters (superoxide dismutase and catalase activity and glutathione levels). Trout were caught in the Château River, the Studer Lakes and the Ferme Pond, close to the scientific station of the Kerguelen Islands, corresponding to three morphotypes (river, lake and station). Kerguelen trouts’ hepatic concentrations of Cd and Cur were similar to those reported in previous studies in salmonids populations from areas under anthropological impacts. Clear hepatic disturbances (fibrosis, nuclear alteration, increased immune response, melanomacrophage centres [MMCs]) were observed in all tested trout. A similar histo-pathological trend was observed among the trout from the three morphotypes but anti-oxidative responses were higher in the trout from the “station” morphotype. Hepatic alterations and the presence of MMCs in the livers of Kerguelen brown trout may be related to the high levels of Cd and Cu measured in this fish at all sampling sites. |
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409 |
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Bachelor's thesis |
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0800-0395,1751-8369 |
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6357 |
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Klein K-L, Agueda N, Bütikofer R |
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Title |
On the origin of relativistic solar particle events: interplanetary transport modelling and radio emission |
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Conference - International - Article without Reading Comitee |
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2015 |
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POS(ICRC2015)121 |
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The highest energies of solar energetic nucleons detected in space or through gamma-ray emission in the solar atmosphere are in the GeV range. Where and how these particles are accelerated is still controversial. The candidate processes are related to magnetic reconnection in a flare or a coronal mass ejection (CME), and to the shock wave driven by a fast CME. We search for observational indications on the acceleration site, using the relative timing of radio emissions in the corona and of relativistic protons at the Earth. We model the particle transport under the effects of focussing by an average Archimedean magnetic field and of scattering by its fluctuations, and use radio time profiles as injection functions. The predicted time profiles of the intensity and anisotropy of relativistic protons at 1 AU during the 20 Jan 2005 event are compared with neutron monitor observations. We compare the results with other events and discuss the nature of the prompt and delayed proton releases that have been identified in neutron monitor recordings of relativistic solar particle events. |
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yes |
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6355 |
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Liu, L.-Y.; Giordano, C.; Yao, Y.-Q.; Vernin, J.; Chadid, M.; Wang, H.-S.; Yin, J.; Wang, Y.-P. |
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Title |
Optical turbulence characterization at LAMOST site: observations and models |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society |
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451 |
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3299-3308 |
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Atmospheric optical turbulence seriously limits the performance of high angular resolution instruments. An eight-night campaign of measurements was carried out at the Large Sky Area Multi-Object Fibre Spectroscopic Telescope (LAMOST) site in 2011, to characterize the optical turbulence. Two instruments were set up during the campaign: a differential image motion monitor (DIMM) used to measure the total atmospheric seeing, and a single star Scidar (SSS) to measure the vertical profiles of the turbulence Cn^2(h) and the horizontal wind velocity {v}(h). The optical turbulence parameters are also calculated with the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model coupled with the Trinquet-Vernin model, which describes optical effects of atmospheric turbulence by using the local meteorological parameters. This paper presents assessment of the optical parameters involved in high angular resolution astronomy. Its includes seeing, isoplanatic angle, coherence time, coherence étendue, vertical profiles of optical turbulence intensity Cn^2(h) and horizontal wind speed {v}(h). The median seeing is respectively 1.01, 1.17 and 1.07 arcsec as measured with the DIMM, the SSS and predicted with WRF model. The history of seeing measurements at the LAMOST site is reviewed, and the turbulence measurements in this campaign are compared with other astronomical observatories in the world. |
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1096 |
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0035-8711 |
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6354 |
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Thiebot Jean-Baptiste, Delord Karine, Barbraud Christophe, Marteau Cédric, Weimerskirch Henri |
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Title |
167 individuals versus millions of hooks: bycatch mitigation in longline fisheries underlies conservation of Amsterdam albatrosses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Aquatic Conservation: Marine and Freshwater Ecosystems |
Abbreviated Journal |
1052-7613 |
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26 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
Pages 674–688 |
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1. Industrial fisheries represent one of the most serious threats worldwide to seabird conservation. Death of birds in fishing operations (i.e. bycatch) has especially adverse effects on populations of albatrosses, which have extremely low fecundity. 2. The single population worldwide of Amsterdam albatross (Diomedea amsterdamensis) comprises only 167 individuals and risks considerable decline over the mid-term from additional mortality levels potentially induced by fisheries. The priority actions listed in the current conservation plan for this species included characterizing the longline fisheries operating within its range, dynamically analysing the overlap between albatrosses and these fisheries, and providing fisheries management authorities with potential impact estimates of longline fisheries on the Amsterdam albatross. 3. During all life-cycle stages and year quarters the birds overlapped extensively with fishing effort in the southern Indian and Atlantic oceans. Fishing effort, and consequently overlap score (calculated as the product of fishing effort and time spent by the birds in a spatial unit) was highest in July–September (45% of the hooks annually deployed). Just three fleets (Taiwanese, Japanese and Spanish) contributed to >98% of the overlap scores for each stage (72% from the Taiwanese fleet alone, on average). Daily overlap scores were higher for the non-breeding versus the breeding stages (3-fold factor on average). 4. Based on previous bycatch rates for other albatross species, this study estimated that longline fisheries currently have the potential to remove ~2–16 individuals (i.e. ~5%) each year from the total Amsterdam albatross population, depending on whether bycatch mitigation measures were or were not systematically employed during the fishing operations. 5. Recent bycatch mitigation measures may be instrumental in the conservation of the Amsterdam albatross. This study suggests three further key recommendations: (1) to focus conservation efforts on the austral winter; (2) to require all operating vessels to report ring recoveries; and (3) to allocate special regulation of fishing operations in the areas of peak bycatch risk for the Amsterdam albatrosses. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. |
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1052-7613 |
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yes |
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6353 |
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Bonnefond P., Exertier P., Laurain O., Bergé-Nguyen M. Calmant S., Crétaux J.F., Testut L., Perosanz F., Ballu V., Brachet C., Calzas M., Drezen C., Haines B. |
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La mesure du niveau de l'eau par GNSS pour les besoins de l'étalonnage de la mesure altimétrique par satellite : quelques avancées récentes. Colloque G2 Toulouse, 16-‐18 Novembre 2015 |
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Conference - International - Communication |
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2015 |
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6352 |
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Brachet C., M. Calzas, C. Drezen, L. Fichen, A. Guillot, P. Téchiné, L. Testut, P. Bonnefond, O. Laurain. |
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Towed and static GPS buoys for CAL/VAL and SSH. OSTS Team Meeting, 20-23 October 2015, Reston. |
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Conference - International - Poster |
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2015 |
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6351 |
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Brachet C., M. Calzas, C. Drezen, L. Fichen, A. Guillot, P. Téchiné, L. Testut, P. Bonnefond, O. Laurain. |
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Title |
Towed and static GPS buoys for CAL/VAL and SSH |
Type |
Conference - International - Poster |
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2015 |
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14th session of GLOSS-GE and Indian Ocean Sea Level Science Workshop, 19-23 October 2015, Goa. |
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688 |
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yes |
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6350 |
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Author |
Poirier E. |
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Mise au point d’un marégraphe vidéo. 6ème Rencontre des Technologies Marines, 2015, Concarneau |
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Conference - National - Poster |
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2015 |
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6349 |
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Dartois, E.; Alata, I.; Engrand, C.; Brunetto, R.; Duprat, J.; Pinot, T.; Quirico, E.; Remusat, L.; Bardin, N.; Briani, G.; Mostefaoui, S.; Morinaud, G.; Crane, B.; Szwec, N.; Delauche, L.; Jamme, F.; Sandt, C.; Dumas, P. |
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Title |
Interstellar and interplanetary solids in the laboratory |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Bulletin de la Société Royale des Sciences de Liège |
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Bull. Soc. Roy. Sc. de Liège |
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84 |
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7-14 |
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The composition of the interstellar matter is driven by environmental parameters (e.g. elemental abundance, density, reactant nature, radiations, temperature, time scales) and results also from external interstellar medium physico-chemical conditions. Astrochemists must rely on remote observations to monitor and analyze the composition of interstellar solids. These observations give essentially access to the molecular functionality of the solids, rarely elemental composition constraints and isotopic fractionation only in the gas phase. Astrochemists bring additional information from the study of analogues produced in the laboratory, placed in simulated space environments. Planetologists and cosmochemists can have access and spectroscopically examine collected extra-terrestrial material directly in the laboratory. Observations of the diffuse interstellar medium (DISM) and molecular clouds (MC) set constraints on the composition of organic solids and large molecules, that can then be compared with collected extraterrestrial materials analyses, to shed light on their possible links |
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0037-9565 |
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yes |
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6347 |
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