Blangy, S. and Bernier, M. (2016). Adaptation measures to cumulative effects of global changes in Nunavik for improving the wellbeing of Inuit communities. .
Abstract: Adjusting to global changes has become a major issue for societies and research. The Arctic is one of the most rapidly changing regions on the planet (Arctic Human Development Report, 2015) and Inuit communities face many challenges. Scientists and northern residents are witnessing increasing impacts of the accelerated warming in this region. In addition there is, an unmatched pressure to exploit northern natural resources and calls for sustainable development by governments and local populations.Arctic communities are understandably concerned about their future and wish to better understand the likelihood of social, environmental and economic changes related to ongoing industrial development and climate change. They are concerned about the effects of climate change, mining and untraditional lifestyle on their health and their quality of life. They also worry about the future and the education of youth, the widening generation gap, the preservation of traditional hunting, fishing and gathering techniques as well as threats to Inuit culture and language.
Programme: 1193
|
|
McCoy, K.D. et al. (2016). Climate change in the Arctic: evidence for a poleward expansion of tick-borne diseases? Réunion annuelle du Groupe de travail « Tiques et Maladies à tique », Sète, Mars 2016..
|
|
McCoy, K.D., Dietrich, M. & Boulinier, T. (2016). Local specialists and global generalists : understanding parasite diversification patterns within host communities at different spatial scales. 14th Congress of the European Society of Evolutionary Biology (ESEB), Lausanne, Switzerland, 10-15 August 2015..
|
|
McCoy, K.D. & Chevillon, C. (2016). Structuration des populations et adaptation des tiques : implications en épidémiologie. Chapitre 4. In Tiques et maladies à tiques : Biologie, écologie évolutive, épidémiologie. pp 113-140. IRD Editions..
|
|
McCoy, K.D. & Boulanger, N. (editors). (2016). Tiques et maladies à tiques : Biologie, écologie évolutive, épidémiologie. IRD Editions..
|
|
Boulinier, T. & McCoy, K.D. (2016). Host-parasite systems in polar areas as models to explore inter-specific dynamics in spatial contexts. – Oral communication at SFE meeting in Marseille, in the (ZATA) Symposium on 'Ecological impacts of climate change in Polar Regions'..
|
|
Boulinier, T. (2016). Ecology and evolution of a transgenerational induced response, the maternal transfer of antibodies. Workshop Epigenetics in Ecology and Evolution, Labex CEMEB, Montpellier, 4 Avril..
|
Mazé-Guilmo, E., Blanchet, S., McCoy, K. D. & Loot, G. (2016). Host dispersal as the driver of parasite genetic structure: a paradigm lost? Ecol. Lett., 19(3).
Abstract: Understanding traits influencing the distribution of genetic diversity has major ecological and evolutionary implications for host–parasite interactions. The genetic structure of parasites is expected to conform to that of their hosts, because host dispersal is generally assumed to drive parasite dispersal. Here, we used a meta-analysis to test this paradigm and determine whether traits related to host dispersal correctly predict the spatial co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation. We compiled data from empirical work on local adaptation and host–parasite population genetic structure from a wide range of taxonomic groups. We found that genetic differentiation was significantly lower in parasites than in hosts, suggesting that dispersal may often be higher for parasites. A significant correlation in the pairwise genetic differentiation of hosts and parasites was evident, but surprisingly weak. These results were largely explained by parasite reproductive mode, the proportion of free-living stages in the parasite life cycle and the geographical extent of the study; variables related to host dispersal were poor predictors of genetic patterns. Our results do not dispel the paradigm that parasite population genetic structure depends on host dispersal. Rather, we highlight that alternative factors are also important in driving the co-distribution of host and parasite genetic variation.
Programme: 333
|
|
Boulinier, T., McCoy, K.D., Forbes, M. & Gilchrist, G. (2016). Parasites et organismes pathogènes dans un monde arctique qui change. In Groenland, hommes, climat et société (Masson-Delmotte, V., ed) CNRS Editions..
|
Boulinier, T., Kada, S., Ponchon, A., Dupraz, M., Dietrich, M., Gamble, A., Bourret, V., Duriez, O., Bazire, R., Tornos, J., Tveraa, T., Chambert, T., Garnier, R. & McCoy, K.D. (2016). Migration, Prospecting, Dispersal? What Host Movement Mattersfor Infectious Agent Circulation? 1540-7063, 56, 330–342.
Abstract: Spatial disease ecology is emerging as a new field that requires the integration of complementary approaches to address how the distribution and movements of hosts and parasites may condition the dynamics of their interactions. In this context, migration, the seasonal movement of animals to different zones of their distribution, is assumed to play a key role in the broad scale circulation of parasites and pathogens. Nevertheless, migration is not the only type of host movement that can influence the spatial ecology, evolution, and epidemiology of infectious diseases. Dispersal, the movement of individuals between the location where they were born or bred to a location where they breed, has attracted attention as another important type of movement for the spatial dynamics of infectious diseases. Host dispersal has notably been identified as a key factor for the evolution of host–parasite interactions as it implies gene flow among local host populations and thus can alter patterns of coevolution with infectious agents across spatial scales. However, not all movements between host populations lead to dispersal per se. One type of host movement that has been neglected, but that may also play a role in parasite spread is prospecting, i.e., movements targeted at selecting and securing new habitat for future breeding. Prospecting movements, which have been studied in detail in certain social species, could result in the dispersal of infectious agents among different host populations without necessarily involving host dispersal. In this article, we outline how these various types of host movements might influence the circulation of infectious disease agents and discuss methodological approaches that could be used to assess their importance. We specifically focus on examples from work on colonial seabirds, ticks, and tick-borne infectious agents. These are convenient biological models because they are strongly spatially structured and involve relatively simple communities of interacting species. Overall, this review emphasizes that explicit consideration of the behavioral and population ecology of hosts and parasites is required to disentangle the relative roles of different types of movement for the spread of infectious diseases.
Programme: 333
|
